Robur Data Encoding builds and maintains a database of company financials, for publicly-listed companies which are investable by private investors and family offices. We cover companies in:
The data we collect is supplemented by over 30 detailed indexes and valuation metrics, including typical ones such as the ratios of share price to earnings, free cash flow, and book value per share, and many others including our unique Robur Score, a filter of filters
of interest to value investors. We cover eight years of financial information, where available.
We cover full-years and, where available, half-year reports, but not quarterlies, which are rarely reported in adequate detail outside the US.
Below is the data we collect for Full-year and Half-year Company Financials:
| Revenue | Recognised value of goods and services sold |
| Operating Income | Typically ≡ EBIT; Robur uses operating income in formulas rather than EBITDA, because of the widely differing definitions applied to EBITDA as opposed to operating income |
| Net Income Exc. Extra | Net income excluding extraordinary items |
| Net Income Inc. Extra | Net income including extraordinary items |
| Earnings Per Share Exc. Extra | Earnings per share excluding extraordinary items |
| Earnings Per Share Inc. Extra | Earnings per share including extraordinary items |
| Dividend | Dividends declared by the company for the period |
| Diluted Shares OS | Diluted Shares Outstanding |
| Historic Yield | Dividend for the period divided by share price at the end of the period |
| Share Price at EoP | Share price at the accounting date for each period |
| Last Share Price | Most recent share price - usually previous day's close |
| Cash From Operations | One of the key measures in value assessments |
| Depreciation | Includes depreciation and amortisation |
| Capex | Capital Expenditure |
| Cash From Investing | Cash generated or spent relating to purchases and sales of physical assets such as land, property and equipment, intangible assets such as intellectual property, and financial securities |
| Issuance of Stock | Cash provided by sale of new shares or expended by purchase of the company's own shares (share buybacks) |
| Issuance of Debt | Cash provided by issuing new long-term debt, or expended by repayment of long-term debt. Includes lease obligations |
| Cash From Financing | Total cash expended or provided by financing activities, including short-term debt and the payment of dividends |
| Start Cash | Cash at start of period |
| End Cash | Cash at end of period |
| Current Assets | Short-term assets such as cash, cash equivalents, receivables, inventory. Rarely available for financial institutions |
| Goodwill | Total premium paid in acquisitions over book value, as depreciated by the company |
| Intangible Assets | Non-physical assets such as patents, various other forms of intellectual property, but excluding goodwill where goodwill is shown separately |
| Total Assets | |
| Current Liabilities | Rarely available for financial institutions |
| Long term debt | includes long-term lease obligations |
| Total Liabilities | |
| Shareholder Equity | Total assets less total liabilities, excluding minority interests |
Compound annual growth rates are calculated on the last four years where available.
All compound annual growth rates are filtered in two ways:
| Revenue CAGR | Revenue growth |
| OP Inc CAGR | Operating income |
| Net Inc Exc Ext CAGR | Net income, excluding extraordinary items |
| EPS CAGR | Earnings per share, excluding extraordinary items |
| Dividend CAGR | The rate of growth in dividends per Share |
| CashOps CAGR | Cash generated from operations |
| CapEx CAGR | Capital expenditure |
| Equity CAGR | Shareholders' equity |
Indicators in the Signals table are derived from the results of the last full year.
| Current Ratio | Current assets / current liabilities |
| Buybacks % | Percentage of cash outflows used in share buybacks |
| Solvency | A ratio based on the Altmann Z concept for estimating the probability of insolvency. A number over 2 is considered relatively good; between 1 and 2 is a "warning"; under 1 is a signal to look very carefully at debt, debt servicing, operations cash, and similar numbers |
| Dividend Payout | Ratio of dividend payments to earnings per share |
| Operating Margin | Operating income as percentage of revenue |
| Net Inc. Margin | Net income, excluding extraordinary items as percentage of revenue |
| ROE | Return on equity = earnings per share, excluding extraordinary items * shares outstanding / shareholder equity |
| ROAE | Return on assets employed = net income, excluding extraordinary items / total assets |
| ROTC | Return on total capital employed = operating income / (total assets less current liabilities) |
| LT Debt: OP Income | Ratio of long term debt to operating income; Robur's equivalent of the more variably calculated long term debt : EBITDA |
Indicators in the Values table are derived from the results of the last full year and the CAGR numbers.
| Price:Earnings | Latest price available divided by earnings per share excluding extraordinary items |
| Price:Free Cashflow | Recent share price * shares outstanding / cash from operations less the larger of capex and depreciation |
| Price:Book | Recent share price / (shareholder equity / shares outstanding) |
| PEG Ratio | Trailing PEG ratio = price/earnings ratio divided by the CAGR of earnings per share, excluding extraordinary items |
| Enterprise Ratio | Complex calculation attempting to show the attraction of a company to takeover interest: how many years would it take to get your money back from cashflow, if you bought the company at today's share price? Below 5 - increasingly attractive for takeover in theory; Above 5: increasingly unattractive. Takes account of debt |
| Price in 52-WK Range | If the low is 0 and the high is 100, where is the current share price? A percentage |
| Graham Multiplier | Calculation originally devised by Benjamin Graham. 22.5 is considered the magic number: below that, value investors see increasing value; above that, value investors see decreasing value. Main basis: price/earnings ratio multiplied by price/book ratio |
| Robur Score | Robur's own scoring ratio used by the Robur principals as their main guide to shortlisting investing opportunities. A percentage where the higher the score, the more intrinsically interesting - made up from 16 criteria. See below for details |
| Current Yield | Latest year's full dividend divided by latest share price |
| MKTCAP USD BN | Market capitalization, in billions of USD |
This was designed as a shortlist aid. It works by taking sixteen criteria, evaluating them against specific criteria (e.g. "Revenue CAGR > 8%"), and giving them a score.
The sum of the scores is compared to the maximum possible score to give a percentage. It is designed for long-term investing strategies, and especially to shortlist stocks which an investor may have never heard of, to which the usual investment due diligence then has to be applied.
The current criteria, and their scores, are tabulated below:
| CRITERION | VALUE | SCORE |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue CAGR | >=8% | 1 |
| Operating Income CAGR | >10% | 1.5 |
| Net income excluding extraordinaries CAGR | >=10% | 1 |
| Earnings per share CAGR | >6% | 1 |
| Dividend CAGR | >5% | 1 |
| Cash from operations CAGR | >10% | 1.5 |
| Capex CAGR | >6% | 1 |
| Shareholder equity CAGR | >5% | 1 |
| Buybacks as % cash outflow | >=5% | -1 |
| Goodwill as % total assets | >=30% | -1 |
| Robur M solvency ratio | >2 | 1 |
| Enterprise ratio | >2 | 0 |
| Equity per share : share price | >=60% | 1 |
| Share price : 52 week range | <=50% | 1 |
| Price:earnings ratio | <12.5 | 1 |
| Price:earnings ratio | >18 | -1 |
| Dividend yield % | >=2.5% | 1 |
You can obtain this data, updated daily, by a subscription through Nasdaq Data Link (data.nasdaq.com). Typical pricing is USD 1-3 K per year, but obviously this depends on what you need, and how you want to use the data. You can also arrange specialist data feeds directly with us.
Our company assessment service, which for regulatory reasons does not constitute investment advice, provides detailed assessments of individual company financials and, as we see them, the prospects for the company. It is used by managers of private portfolios and small family offices as an input to equity investment decision-making. For a sample report, or for any other enquiry about our data or our services, please email us: RoburIR Enquiries.
Reasons to use Robur data are:
We also carry out specialist data encoding of financial information for individual companies and family offices. If you have a requirement in this area, and think it could be smart to take advantage of our high-skill, low-cost data centre in the Philippines, we would welcome the chance to discuss your needs.
Robur Data Encoding Inc. is registered in the Philippines, and has its data centre in Manila. Once again, you can email us here: RoburIR Enquiries.